Nutrition can play an important role as well. Nails require a variety of vitamins and minerals to grow properly. Low levels of iron, zinc, vitamin B12, or other nutrients may sometimes contribute to changes in nail appearance. In such cases, the ridges may be accompanied by brittleness, splitting, discoloration, or slower nail growth.
Another factor is repeated minor trauma. Activities that place stress on the nail matrix—the area where new nail cells are produced—can occasionally alter nail growth patterns. Even habits such as nail biting or aggressive manicures may contribute to visible ridges over time.
Although vertical ridges are usually harmless, experts recommend paying attention to additional changes. If ridges suddenly appear, become significantly deeper, or are accompanied by color changes, thickening, separation from the nail bed, or pain, it may be worth discussing the issue with a healthcare professional.
Certain medical conditions can occasionally affect nail growth. Thyroid disorders, autoimmune diseases, circulation problems, and some nutritional deficiencies have been associated with noticeable nail changes. However, nails alone cannot diagnose a medical condition. They are simply one piece of information that may help healthcare providers assess overall health.