Chapter 2

The kidneys help regulate fluid balance by removing excess water and waste from the bloodstream.

When kidney function becomes impaired, the body may retain more fluid than normal.

This fluid often accumulates in the lower legs, feet, ankles, and sometimes around the eyes.

People with kidney-related swelling may also notice:

Medical testing is often required to determine whether kidney function is contributing to symptoms.

Liver Conditions and Fluid Retention

The liver plays a vital role in regulating proteins that help maintain proper fluid balance within blood vessels.

Certain liver disorders can reduce the production of these proteins, allowing fluid to escape into surrounding tissues.

In some cases, swelling in the legs develops alongside abdominal swelling and other symptoms associated with liver dysfunction.

Healthcare providers often consider liver health when investigating chronic edema.

Another possible explanation for swollen legs is lymphedema.

The lymphatic system helps remove excess fluid from tissues and supports immune function.

When lymph vessels become damaged or blocked, fluid may accumulate in affected areas.

Characteristics often include:

Unlike temporary swelling, lymphedema often does not fully disappear without treatment.

Some prescription medications can contribute to fluid retention.

Common examples include:

Individuals who notice swelling shortly after starting a new medication should discuss the issue with their healthcare provider.

Never stop taking prescribed medication without professional guidance.