Avoid diagnosing yourself based on a chart or social media image. A healthcare professional can assess symptoms, medical history, and, when appropriate, perform testing to determine the cause.
Chapter 3: Common Causes of Unusual Vaginal Discharge
Several conditions can change the appearance or amount of vaginal discharge. Some are related to normal hormonal fluctuations, while others require medical treatment.
Bacterial vaginosis occurs when the balance of bacteria in the vagina changes. It may cause thin discharge and a fishy odor, although some people experience few symptoms. It is not simply a sign of poor hygiene, and aggressive washing can make irritation worse.
Vaginal yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of Candida fungi. Symptoms can include itching, redness, soreness, and thick white discharge. These symptoms can resemble other conditions, so recurrent or uncertain cases should be evaluated rather than repeatedly treated without a diagnosis.
Certain sexually transmitted infections, including trichomoniasis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea, can also cause changes in discharge or other genital symptoms. Some infections produce no noticeable symptoms, making testing important when exposure is possible.
Hormonal changes can affect discharge without indicating disease. Ovulation, pregnancy, hormonal contraception, and the transition toward menopause may alter its consistency or quantity.
Irritation from fragranced soaps, intimate sprays, detergents, or other products may also cause discomfort. The vagina does not require internal cleansing products to remain healthy.
Image 2: A healthcare professional discussing vaginal health and possible symptoms with an adult patient.
Because these causes can overlap, it is not possible to determine the exact problem from underwear stains alone. Appropriate testing may be needed, particularly when symptoms are new, persistent, or recurrent.