1. What Are Tonsil Stones?

Tonsil stones (or tonsilloliths) are small, yellowish-white, pebble-like formations that develop in the crevices (crypts) of the tonsils.
They aren’t usually dangerous but can cause discomfort, a bad taste in the mouth, or chronic bad breath.

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2. How They Form

• Tonsil stones form when food debris, dead cells, mucus, and bacteria get trapped in the tonsil crypts and harden over time.

• People with large tonsils or deep crypts are more prone to them.

• Poor oral hygiene, smoking, dry mouth, or chronic tonsillitis can increase the likelihood of developing them.

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3. Common Symptoms

• Persistent bad breath (halitosis) is the most common symptom.

• A feeling that something is stuck in your throat or a tickling sensation.

• Difficulty swallowing, throat irritation, or even ear pain.

• Small white or yellow lumps visible on the tonsils — though sometimes they’re hidden deeper and can’t be seen.

4. Treatment and Removal

• In most cases, tonsil stones are harmless and may fall out on their own.

• You can gargle warm salt water to help loosen them and reduce bacteria.

• Gently dislodging them using a cotton swab, the back of a toothbrush, or a water flosser can help — but do so carefully to avoid injury.

• If they recur frequently or cause severe discomfort, an ENT specialist may recommend procedures such as tonsillectomy (surgical removal of the tonsils) or laser cryptolysis to smooth out the tonsil surface.

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5. Prevention Tips

• Maintain good oral hygiene: brush twice daily, clean your tongue, and floss regularly.

• Gargle with salt water or alcohol-free mouthwash after meals.

• Stay hydrated to prevent dry mouth.

• Avoid smoking and limit sugary or processed foods that can feed bacteria.

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6. When to See a Doctor

• See a doctor if tonsil stones keep coming back, grow larger, or cause persistent bad breath or pain.

• Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms like swelling, fever, or difficulty breathing, which could indicate infection.