Health 2025-12-06 16:46:13

White Spots Under the Eyes? Here’s What Milia Really Is — Causes, Risks, and the Treatments That Actually Work

White spots around or under the eyes can concern both patients and practitioners in medical aesthetic clinics. The most common cause of these tiny, pearl-like bumps is milia. While usually harmless, milia can be a cosmetic bother that prompts questions and clinic visits. In this quick guide, we’ll help clinics and patients understand how to identify milia, what causes it, and which treatment options are both safe and effective.

Identifying Milia

Milia are small, white, keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the surface of the skin. They most commonly affect the face—especially the cheeks and the area under the eyes—and can also occur elsewhere on the body. Key characteristics of milia:

Tiny (1-2mm), round, white or yellowish bumps
Typically not red, inflamed, or painful
Most often found clustered in groups
Do not itch or produce pus

Unlike acne or other blemishes, milia cannot be “popped” at home and do not respond to typical acne treatments.

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Primary Milia And Secondary Milia: What You Need To Know

Primary Milia forms spontaneously when dead skin cells (keratin) become trapped beneath the skin’s surface. These are common in newborns, children, and adults and are usually not linked to any underlying skin issue. Secondary Milia occurs due to an external trigger—often following skin trauma, burns, or blistering diseases, and sometimes after certain cosmetic procedures (such as laser treatments, dermabrasion, or use of topical steroids). Secondary milia can affect people of all ages and can appear anywhere on the skin.

Key Differences:

Primary milia: Develops on healthy skin, usually on the face.
Secondary milia: Result from skin damage, can occur anywhere.

Is Milia A Serious Skin Condition?

The good news: Milia is almost always benign. It’s not contagious, dangerous, or a sign of an underlying illness. Most cases are a cosmetic rather than a medical issue. However, they can occasionally cause concern due to their stubborn appearance and resistance to standard skin care routines.

What Causes Milia?

Milia forms when keratin (a strong protein found in skin, hair, and nails) becomes trapped beneath the skin. Unlike pimples, which result from clogged pores, milia are cysts unrelated to oil or bacteria. Common causes of milia include:

Natural skin turnover (especially slowdown with aging)
Use of heavy, comedogenic skincare products (particularly around the eyes)
Skin injuries (burns, abrasions, blisters)
Prolonged sun damage, which thickens skin
Genetic predisposition
Use of steroid creams
Certain cosmetic procedures that disrupt the top skin layer

Safe and Effective Milia Removal Techniques

Though milia sometimes resolves on its own, many people seek removal for aesthetic reasons. Medical professionals in clinics have access to the safest techniques for removal:

Manual Extraction
- Performed by: Dermatologist/aesthetician
- How it works: A sterile, fine needle creates a tiny opening in the skin, after which a comedone extractor gently removes the cyst.
- Is it safe? Yes, when performed in a professional, sterile setting. Never attempt at home (risk of infection or scarring).
Topical Retinoids
- How it works: Prescription creams containing retinoids help speed up skin cell turnover and may help milia resolve over time.
- Indication: Best for widespread or recurring milia.
Chemical Peels
- How it works: Gentle acids (like glycolic or lactic) exfoliate the top skin layer, assisting the natural resolution of milia.
- Note: Should be tailored to sensitive under-eye skin.
Laser Ablation
- How it works: Special dermatologic lasers can precisely target and vaporize milia cysts.
- Usage: Reserved for persistent or multiple milia.
Cryotherapy
- How it works: Liquid nitrogen freezes and destroys the cyst, allowing it to slough off as the skin heals.
- Risks: May cause temporary redness or pigment changes; generally used less frequently near the eyes.

Are Milia Treatments Safe?

When performed by a trained professional, milia removal is safe and rarely causes scarring or complications. Home treatments or attempts to squeeze milia are not recommended and may damage the delicate skin, especially around the eyes.
Practitioners should:

Use sterile equipment
Avoid aggressive techniques
Educate patients about aftercare to prevent infection

Are Milia Treatments Effective?

Professional milia removal is highly effective, offering immediate cosmetic improvement in most cases. However, treatment doesn’t guarantee that new milia won’t form, as underlying causes such as skin type or product use may persist. Strategies to reduce recurrence include:

Using non-comedogenic and gentle skincare around the eyes
Regular, gentle exfoliation (without irritation)
Avoiding heavy creams and sunscreens in the periocular area

Frequently Asked Questions

Can milia go away on their own? Yes, especially in infants, primary milia often resolve spontaneously. In adults, they can persist for months or years without intervention.
Can I remove milia at home? No. Home extraction can lead to scarring and infection, especially in the delicate under-eye area. Always seek professional care.
Are over-the-counter creams for milia effective? Some mild retinoid or exfoliant preparations may help, but these should be used with caution around the eyes and under professional guidance.
Does diet affect milia? There is no strong evidence linking diet to milia formation, though good skin health overall is always encouraged.
Will milia return after removal? They can, especially if risk factors persist, but recurrence is less likely with proper skincare and professional guidance.
Is milia contagious? No, milia cannot be spread from person to person.

If you or your patients notice persistent white spots under the eyes, consult a medical aesthetic or dermatology professional for accurate diagnosis and safe, effective treatment.

Conclusion

Milia are common, harmless cysts that often appear as stubborn white spots under the eyes. They are caused by keratin trapping and can be divided into primary and secondary types. Home removal is discouraged—safe and effective treatment options are available in medical aesthetic clinics, ranging from manual extraction to topical and device-assisted solutions. Education and appropriate aftercare significantly reduce risks, and regular skin checkups can help manage recurrent cases.

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for general knowledge only and should not be considered medical advice. For any questions or concerns about your health or medications, please consult your physician or healthcare provider. They are best equipped to provide guidance specific to your medical needs.