People with kidney disease or other diabetes-related complications may need additional dietary adjustments. For example, protein, potassium, phosphorus, or sodium recommendations can differ according to kidney function and treatment.
A personalized plan is therefore more useful than following dramatic online lists of supposedly forbidden foods.
Chapter 4: Warning Signs That Require Immediate Attention
Diabetes can sometimes cause serious complications, especially when blood glucose becomes dangerously high or low. Recognizing warning signs can help people obtain treatment promptly.
High blood sugar may cause increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, or unexplained weight loss. These symptoms can develop gradually, so they should not be ignored.
In some circumstances, severe hyperglycemia can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis or a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. These are medical emergencies that may involve dehydration, vomiting, abdominal pain, rapid or deep breathing, confusion, or profound weakness.
Low blood sugar is another important risk, particularly for people using insulin or certain glucose-lowering medications. Symptoms can include sweating, shaking, dizziness, hunger, palpitations, and confusion. Severe hypoglycemia may cause seizures or unconsciousness and requires emergency assistance.
If someone with diabetes becomes unconscious, has a seizure, or develops severe confusion, seek emergency medical help. Do not give food or drink by mouth to an unconscious person.
Regular monitoring can help people understand how meals, medication, exercise, and illness affect their glucose levels. Depending on their treatment plan, they may use a glucose meter or continuous glucose monitoring device.
Routine medical appointments also allow healthcare professionals to assess blood pressure, cholesterol, kidney function, eye health, and other factors that influence long-term outcomes.