Recent research suggests that poor oral hygiene, including irregular or improper tooth brushing, may significantly increase the risk of stroke. Gum disease and tooth decay have been associated with an 86% higher risk of stroke compared to individuals with healthy oral habits.

The study, conducted by scientists at the University of South Carolina, also found that poor oral health contributes to a 36% higher risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular events. The findings were published in Neurology Open Access on October 22.

Maintaining good oral hygiene, such as brushing at least twice daily and using proper techniques, plays a vital role in protecting both oral and systemic health.

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How Tooth Decay and Gum Disease Affect Health

Tooth decay develops when bacteria erode the enamel, typically caused by consuming sugar-rich or starchy foods, inadequate brushing, or genetic factors. Left untreated, cavities can progress and affect deeper layers of the teeth, eventually causing pain or infection.

Gum disease, also known as periodontitis, involves chronic inflammation or infection of the gums and the supporting bone structure. If untreated, it may lead to tooth loss and chronic inflammation that affects the entire body.

Bacteria and inflammatory molecules from the mouth can enter the bloodstream, potentially affecting blood vessels and the heart. Over time, this may contribute to a higher likelihood of cardiovascular complications, including stroke and heart attack.

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The Study: Oral Health and Stroke Risk

The research tracked nearly 6,000 adults, with an average age of 63, who had never experienced a stroke before. Over a 20-year follow-up, approximately 10% of participants with gum disease or tooth decay suffered a stroke, compared to only 4% of those with healthy oral health.

Another key finding was that individuals who regularly visited the dentist were up to 81% less likely to develop gum disease or cavities.

Dr. Souvik Sen, the lead researcher, emphasized:
"This study reinforces the idea that oral care is not just about your smile—it can protect your brain health. People showing signs of gum disease or cavities should seek treatment to safeguard their teeth and reduce their risk of stroke."

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Why Oral Health Matters for Stroke Prevention

The link between oral health and stroke is primarily related to ischemic stroke, the most common type. Ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot obstructs the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the brain. This blockage deprives brain cells of oxygen and nutrients, potentially causing permanent brain damage.

Chronic inflammation from gum disease can make blood more likely to clot, damage blood vessels, and increase arterial stiffness. Similarly, bacteria from tooth decay can contribute to atherosclerosis, the buildup of plaques in arteries, which heightens stroke risk.

Maintaining healthy gums and teeth reduces systemic inflammation, promotes proper circulation, and supports overall cardiovascular health. Small daily habits—brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups—can have far-reaching benefits beyond the mouth.

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Tips for Protecting Your Oral Health

1. Brush teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste.

2. Floss or use interdental brushes to remove plaque between teeth.

3. Schedule regular dental check-ups at least every six months.

4. Limit sugary and starchy foods to prevent cavities.

5. Quit smoking, as it worsens gum disease and cardiovascular risk.

6. Consider a mouthwash with antibacterial properties if recommended by your dentist.

By taking these steps, you not only maintain a healthy smile but also reduce your risk of serious complications like stroke and heart disease.