Other cases are related to medications, medical conditions, or problems with how the muscles and nerves of the bowel function.
Common contributors include:
Low-fiber eating patterns
Fiber adds bulk to stool and can help promote regular bowel movements.
People who suddenly reduce their intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans, and other fiber-rich foods may become constipated.
However, increasing fiber very rapidly can also cause bloating and discomfort, so gradual changes are generally better tolerated.
Not enough fluid
Adequate fluid intake helps maintain normal stool consistency.
Dehydration can make constipation worse, particularly when combined with other risk factors.
Lack of movement
Physical activity can support normal intestinal motility.
Periods of bed rest, illness, prolonged sitting, or major reductions in activity may contribute to constipation.
Medications
Some medications are well known to cause constipation.
These include certain opioid pain medicines, some antacids containing aluminum or calcium, iron supplements, and several other prescription medications.
If constipation begins after starting a new medicine, don't stop the medication on your own. Discuss the problem with the prescribing clinician.