When people think about kidney disease, they often picture symptoms such as fatigue, changes in urination, or swelling in the face. However, doctors say the feet can also provide important clues about kidney health. Because the kidneys play a key role in regulating fluids, minerals, and circulation, problems with kidney function may show up in the lower extremities long before more obvious symptoms appear. Paying attention to changes in your feet could help detect kidney-related issues earlier.

1. Persistent swelling in the feet and ankles

One of the most common signs linked to kidney problems is swelling, also known as edema. When the kidneys are not working properly, excess sodium and fluid can build up in the body. Gravity causes this extra fluid to settle in the feet and ankles, leading to noticeable puffiness, especially at the end of the day. If swelling does not improve with rest or elevation, it may be a sign that the kidneys are struggling to maintain fluid balance.

2. Dry, cracked, or unusually itchy skin

Healthy kidneys help maintain the right balance of minerals and nutrients in the blood. When kidney function declines, this balance can be disrupted, leading to very dry or itchy skin. On the feet, this may appear as rough, flaky skin or deep cracks around the heels. While dry feet can be caused by weather or dehydration, persistent dryness that does not improve with moisturizers may point to an internal issue rather than a simple skin condition.

3. Changes in skin color or texture

Kidney disease can affect circulation and red blood cell production. As a result, the skin on the feet may look pale, darkened, or uneven in color. Some people notice a dull or grayish tone, while others develop a shiny or stretched appearance due to swelling. These changes occur because waste products are not being effectively filtered from the blood, impacting skin health and oxygen delivery.

4. Numbness, tingling, or burning sensations

Although more commonly associated with diabetes, nerve-related symptoms in the feet can also be linked to kidney problems, particularly in later stages. Toxin buildup in the blood can irritate nerves, leading to numbness, tingling, or burning sensations in the feet. These symptoms may worsen at night and can interfere with sleep and daily activities.

5. Foot pain or muscle cramps

Kidneys help regulate electrolytes such as calcium, potassium, and phosphorus. When these levels become imbalanced, muscle cramps and pain—especially in the legs and feet—may occur. Nighttime cramps are a frequent complaint among people with declining kidney function. While cramps can have many causes, recurring or severe foot cramps should not be ignored.

Why the feet are affected

The feet are farthest from the heart and rely heavily on healthy circulation and fluid regulation. When the kidneys are unable to perform their filtering role effectively, the effects are often most noticeable in the lower extremities. Doctors sometimes describe the feet as an “early warning system” for problems involving circulation, nerve health, and fluid balance.

What to do if you notice these changes

Experiencing one of these foot changes does not automatically mean you have kidney disease. Many symptoms can have multiple causes, including aging, diet, or other medical conditions. However, doctors recommend seeking medical advice if several symptoms appear together, worsen over time, or do not respond to basic care. Simple blood and urine tests can provide valuable information about kidney function.

Protecting kidney and foot health

Maintaining kidney health involves staying hydrated, managing blood pressure, controlling blood sugar, and following a balanced diet. Regular physical activity and routine medical checkups are also essential. Daily foot care—such as inspecting the skin, keeping feet clean and moisturized, and wearing comfortable footwear—can help detect problems early and prevent complications.