Cruciferous Vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, bok choy, etc., contain sulfur-rich compounds that can fight cancer.
In addition, these vegetables are also rich in indole-3-carbinol, which helps repair cell damage caused by exposure to carcinogens. Broccoli also provides abundant vitamins and minerals, supporting immune function and enhancing the body's ability to fight disease.

Spinach
Leafy green vegetables like spinach are a good source of folate, an important B vitamin that can help repair cells. Folate has also been found to reduce the risk of lung cancer, protecting cells from carcinogens from tobacco.
According to the American Institute for Cancer Research, spinach contains beta-carotene, vitamin C, fiber, and phytochemicals that have the ability to protect against cancer and reduce the risk of developing the disease.

Papaya
Papaya contains antioxidants such as beta-carotene and lycopene, which help protect cells from damage that can lead to lung cancer. In addition, the high vitamin C content in papaya helps boost the immune system, reducing the risk of cancer.
This fruit also has chemopreventive properties, including activating tumor suppressor genes and minimizing oxidative damage.

Ginger

Ginger is an age-old spice and herb that contains the compound 6-shogaol, which can prevent the development of lung cancer. According to a study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, ginger can also reduce the risk of metastasis from an existing cancer. In addition, ginger helps reduce the side effects of chemotherapy such as nausea.

Flaxseed
Eating flaxseed regularly can help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. According to a study on mice published in HHS Author Manuscripts, supplementing the diet with flaxseed significantly reduced the incidence and multiplicity of lung tumors caused by tobacco smoke carcinogens.
The mice fed flaxseed exhibited a lower incidence of tumors and fewer lung nodules, with a reduced incidence of adenocarcinoma. This may be due to the impact of flaxseed on signaling pathways, inflammation, and oxidative stress, suggesting the potential of flaxseed as an effective chemopreventive strategy against lung cancer.