Common Causes of Pain on the Left Side of the Body

Pain on the left side can result from problems affecting muscles, nerves, or internal organs such as the heart, spleen, lung, kidney, or digestive system. While some cases resolve on their own, others require medical attention.

Enlarged or Ruptured Spleen

The spleen sits in the upper left abdomen. Injury or certain medical conditions can cause it to enlarge or rupture.

• Ruptured spleen is a medical emergency and may cause severe pain under the left ribs, dizziness, and rapid heart rate.

• Enlarged spleen can cause discomfort under the ribs, fatigue, or frequent infections.

Treatment depends on the cause and may require surgery.

Diverticulitis

Inflammation of small pouches in the colon can cause lower left abdominal pain, sometimes with fever, nausea, or bowel changes. Mild cases may improve with rest and diet changes, while severe cases may require antibiotics or hospitalization.

Heart Attack

A heart attack can cause pain in the chest, left arm, or both, along with shortness of breath, nausea, or cold sweats. This is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment.

Sciatica

Pressure on the sciatic nerve can cause sharp, burning, or numb pain that travels from the lower back down one leg. It often improves with rest and physical therapy.

Digestive Gas

Gas buildup in the colon may cause temporary left-sided abdominal pain, bloating, and belching. Dietary adjustments usually help relieve symptoms.

Sprains and Strains

Muscle or ligament injuries can cause localized pain, swelling, and limited movement. Treatment typically includes rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE).

Ovarian Cyst Rupture

In females, a ruptured ovarian cyst may cause sudden, sharp pain on one side of the lower abdomen. Severe cases may require medical treatment or surgery.

Testicular Torsion

Sudden severe pain in one testicle may indicate testicular torsion, a medical emergency requiring urgent surgery.

Kidney Infection

Pain in the back or side, fever, and painful urination may signal a kidney infection. Antibiotics are necessary to prevent complications.

When to See a Doctor

Seek immediate medical attention for symptoms of:

• Heart attack

• Testicular torsion

• Kidney infection

• Severe abdominal pain

• Suspected internal injury

Consult a doctor if the pain is sudden, persistent, worsening, or interfering with daily life.