A stroke is a life-threatening medical emergency that occurs when blo.od flow to the brain is interrupted. Although many people think strokes happen suddenly, the body often sends subtle warning signs weeks - or even months - before the major event. Research shows that certain symptoms may appear up to 90 days prior to a stroke, offering a critical window for early intervention.

1. What Causes a Stroke?

A stroke occurs when the brain does not receive enough blood or oxygen. This may happen if a blood vessel becomes blocked or if it bursts, leading to rapid brain cell injury or death. Without immediate treatment, a stroke can cause permanent neurological damage, disability, or death.

Main Types of Stroke

1.  Ischemic Stroke – The most common type, caused by a blood clot blocking blood flow to the brain.

2.  Hemorrhagic Stroke – Occurs when a weakened blood vessel ruptures, causing bleeding in or around the brain.

3.  Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) – Often called a “mini-stroke,” it involves a temporary blockage. Symptoms resolve quickly but signal a high risk of a major stroke.

Experts emphasize that although a TIA does not cause permanent brain damage, it should never be ignored.

As Dr. Giglio explains:

“A TIA means you could have a major stroke within the next 48 hours, and certainly within 7, 30, or even 90 days.”

The “BEFAST” Warning Signs

Doctors recommend remembering the acronym BEFAST to recognize stroke symptoms quickly:

• B – Balance: Sudden loss of balance or coordination.

• E – Eyes: Blurred vision, double vision, or temporary vision loss.

• F – Face: Drooping or uneven smile.

• A – Arm: Weakness, numbness, or inability to raise one arm.

• S – Speech: Slurred speech, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding words.

• T – Time: Seek emergency medical care immediately.

Dr. Joshua Willey, a stroke neurology specialist at Columbia University, notes that “T” can also stand for “terrible headache,” referring to a sudden, severe headache that may signal a hemorrhagic stroke.

He adds:

“A transient ischemic attack usually lasts no more than 5 to 10 minutes, and certainly under an hour. Some BEFAST symptoms can last only 30 to 60 seconds.”

Because of this, even brief symptoms - such as sudden blurred vision or a moment of arm weakness - should be taken seriously.

Managing Stroke Risk Factors

Dr. Itrat highlights that uncontrolled conditions like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar significantly increase stroke risk.
According to the CDC, lifestyle adjustments and medical care play a major role in reducing your chances of experiencing a stroke.

How to Prevent a Stroke: Practical and Effective Strategies

Str.oke prevention focuses on managing underlying health conditions and adopting heart-healthy habits. Here are the most important steps:

1. Control Blood Pressure

High blood pressure is the leading cause of stroke.

• Aim for readings below 120/80 mmHg (or follow your doctor’s target).

• Reduce salt intake, maintain a healthy weight, and take prescribed medications.

2. Manage Blood Sugar

People with diabetes have a higher stroke risk.

• Monitor glucose levels regularly.

• Follow a controlled diet, exercise, and take prescribed insulin or medications.

3. Lower Cholesterol Levels

High LDL (“bad”) cholesterol contributes to plaque buildup in arteries.

• Reduce saturated fat and trans fat.

• Eat more fiber-rich foods like oats, vegetables, and fruits.

• Use statins or other medications if recommended.

4. Maintain a Heart-Healthy Diet

Choose foods that support blood vessel health:

• Vegetables, fruits, and whole grains

• Lean proteins (fish, chicken, beans)

• Healthy fats (olive oil, nuts, seeds)

• Avoid sugary drinks, fried foods, and processed snacks

5. Exercise Regularly

Physical activity improves circulation and reduces inflammation.

• Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week, such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling.

6. Quit Smoking

Smoking damages blood vessels and doubles your stroke risk.

• Seek support programs, nicotine replacement therapy, or medication if needed.

7. Reduce Alcohol Consumption

Excessive drinking raises blood pressure and increases stroke risk.

• Keep it moderate:

  • Women: up to 1 drink/day

  • Men: up to 2 drinks/day

8. Maintain a Healthy Weight

Being overweight increases the risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease—all contributors to stroke.

9. Manage Stress

Chronic stress affects blood pressure and heart health.

• Try meditation, deep breathing, yoga, journaling, or therapy.

10. Get Regular Health Checkups

Routine medical exams help detect risk factors early, especially:

• High blood pressure

• Arrhythmias (like atrial fibrillation)

• High cholesterol

• Diabetes

Conclusion

Strokes may seem sudden, but many people experience early warning signs—sometimes up to 90 days in advance. Recognizing symptoms like temporary weakness, vision problems, or sudden imbalance can save your life. If you notice even brief BEFAST symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.

By managing your health, adopting heart-healthy habits, and staying informed, you can significantly reduce your risk and protect your long-term brain health.