Improper Use of Nonstick Pans Raises Concerns Over ‘Forever Chemicals’ and Liver Cancer Risk

A recent medical case has drawn attention to the potential health risks associated with improper use of nonstick cookware. A woman diagnosed with liver cancer was found to have high levels of so-called “forever chemicals” in her body — substances increasingly linked to serious long-term health effects.

What are “forever chemicals”?

“Forever chemicals” is a common term for PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), a group of synthetic chemicals widely used for their heat resistance and nonstick properties. They are commonly found in:

• Nonstick cookware coatings

• Waterproof fabrics

• Food packaging

• Firefighting foams

PFAS are called “forever chemicals” because they do not easily break down and can accumulate in the human body over time.

How nonstick pans can become a problem

Experts explain that nonstick pans are generally safe when used correctly, but risks increase when:

• Pans are overheated (especially empty pans on high heat)

• Coatings are scratched or peeling

• Damaged pans continue to be used for years

At high temperatures, degraded coatings may release harmful fumes or increase PFAS exposure, which can then enter the body through inhalation or food contamination.

Links to liver health

Multiple international studies have suggested that long-term PFAS exposure may be associated with:

• Liver inflammation

• Elevated liver enzymes

• Fatty liver disease

• Increased risk of liver cancer

The liver is particularly vulnerable because it plays a central role in detoxifying chemicals from the bloodstream.

What health experts recommend

Doctors and toxicology specialists advise consumers to:

• Avoid heating nonstick pans on high heat

• Replace pans with damaged or peeling coatings

• Use wooden or silicone utensils instead of metal

• Consider alternatives such as stainless steel or cast iron cookware

They also emphasize that PFAS exposure comes from multiple sources, not just cookware, making risk reduction a cumulative effort.

A broader health reminder

While a single pan will not cause cancer on its own, chronic low-level exposure over many years may increase health risks. Awareness and correct usage are key to minimizing unnecessary chemical exposure in daily life.