6 Factors That Increase the Risk of Colorectal Can.cer

A low-fiber, high-fat diet, frequent smoking, and a family history of colorectal cancer can all increase the risk of developing this disease.

 

 

According to Globocan 2022 statistics, colorectal cancer ranks third among the most common cancers worldwide, with over 1.9 million cases, and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with more than 900,000 fatalities.

MSc, Dr. Lưu Thảo Ngọc from the Oncology Department at Tâm Anh General Hospital, Hanoi, identifies several key factors that increase the risk of colorectal cancer:

1. Aging

Colorectal cancer can occur at any age, but most cases are diagnosed in people aged 50 and older. Aging weakens the body's cancer-fighting mechanisms and increases exposure to carcinogens over time.

2. Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes

Certain genetic syndromes, such as Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, and Cowden syndrome, can significantly increase the risk of colorectal cancer.

3. Family History

Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, especially those with first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, or children) affected by the disease, have a higher risk. The more family members diagnosed with colorectal cancer, the greater the likelihood of developing the disease.

4. Low-Fiber, High-Fat Diet

Diet plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer risk. Consuming a diet high in fat and calories but low in fiber, along with frequent intake of red and processed meats, can promote colorectal cancer. Red meat contains heme iron, which can trigger oxidative reactions, damage intestinal lining cells, cause inflammation, and lead to tumor formation.

5. Physical Inactivity, Obesity, and Diabetes

A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of colorectal cancer, while regular physical activity helps reduce it. Obesity and diabetes are also linked to a higher risk of developing and dying from colorectal cancer.

6. Smoking and Alcohol Consumption

Harmful chemicals in tobacco and alcohol contribute to cancer development. Colorectal cancer, along with lung and cardiovascular diseases, is more common in smokers and heavy drinkers.

Prevention and Early Detection

Dr. Ngọc emphasizes that adopting a healthy lifestyle can lower colorectal cancer risk. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains provides essential vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. Alcohol consumption should be limited—no more than one drink per day for women and two for men. Quitting smoking and maintaining at least 30 minutes of daily exercise offer significant health benefits.

For individuals aged 50 and older, regular colorectal cancer screening is recommended. High-risk individuals should start screening earlier, as advised by their doctor. Colonoscopy is the most effective screening method, allowing early detection and timely intervention for abnormalities in the colon.