Throat Cancer Symptoms: Are You at Risk? Six Signs to Watch For — Including a Sore Throat

Throat cancer refers to cancers that develop in the pharynx (throat) or larynx (voice box). While it’s not as common as some other cancers, early detection is crucial. Recognizing the warning signs — especially those that persist — can make a significant difference in treatment outcomes.

Who Is Most at Risk?

Several factors can increase your risk of developing throat cancer, including:

• Tobacco use (smoking or chewing tobacco)

• Heavy alcohol consumption

• Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV)

• Long-term acid reflux (GERD)

• Exposure to certain chemicals or pollutants

• A family history of head and neck cancers

Men and adults over 50 are statistically more likely to be diagnosed, though younger individuals can also be affected, particularly in HPV-related cases.

Six Signs of Throat Cancer to Watch For

While many of these symptoms can be caused by less serious conditions, it’s important to see a healthcare provider if they last longer than two to three weeks.

1. Persistent Sore Throat

A sore throat that doesn’t improve with time or treatment may be an early warning sign — especially if it’s not linked to a cold or infection.

2. Hoarseness or Voice Changes

Ongoing hoarseness, voice weakness or noticeable changes in how you sound can signal a problem in the larynx.

3. Difficulty Swallowing

Also known as dysphagia, trouble swallowing — or feeling like something is stuck in your throat — should not be ignored.

4. A Lump in the Neck

Swollen lymph nodes or a visible lump in the neck may indicate that cancer has spread to nearby tissues.

5. Unexplained Weight Loss

Sudden, unintended weight loss can be a red flag for several types of cancer, including throat cancer.

6. Persistent Ear Pain

Ear pain without an obvious ear infection may be referred pain from a tumor in the throat.

When Should You See a Doctor?

Many throat cancer symptoms overlap with common illnesses like colds, flu or acid reflux. However, if symptoms:

• Last longer than two to three weeks

• Worsen over time

• Are accompanied by difficulty breathing or coughing up blood

You should seek medical evaluation promptly.

The Bottom Line

A sore throat is usually harmless — but when it lingers or comes with other concerning symptoms, it’s worth getting checked out. Early diagnosis of throat cancer greatly improves treatment success.

If you have risk factors or persistent symptoms, don’t ignore them. Listening to your body and seeking medical advice early could save your life.