1. What Are Canker Sores?

Canker sores are small, shallow ulcers that appear inside the mouth, typically white or yellow in color. These sores often cause pain and discomfort when eating or speaking.

Common symptoms include:

• Small white or yellow ulcers with red borders inside the mouth

• Burning or stinging pain at the ulcer site

• In some cases, mild fever, swollen neck lymph nodes, or swollen gums

2. What Causes Frequent Canker Sores?

2.1. Nutritional Deficiencies

Nutritional deficiencies are a common cause of frequent canker sores. In particular, vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid are essential for maintaining the health of the oral mucosa and supporting tissue regeneration and healing. When these nutrients are lacking, the mucous membranes weaken, making them more susceptible to damage.

2.2. Weakened Immune System

The immune system acts as a defense barrier against external threats. A weakened immune system makes the body more vulnerable to harmful agents, which can lead to canker sores.

In autoimmune diseases, the immune system malfunctions. In such cases, the body may attack its own oral mucosal cells, causing frequent canker sores.

Additionally, certain immunosuppressive medications used for chronic illnesses or post-transplant care can reduce the body’s natural defenses, increasing the risk of canker sores.

2.3. Mental Stress

Stress and anxiety are psychological factors that directly impact health and can trigger canker sores. Chronic stress stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. Excessive cortisol production can lead to inflammation and weaken the immune system, raising the risk of canker sores.

Stress can also disturb daily routines such as sleep and diet, increasing the risk of digestive issues and stomach problems—another factor that contributes to canker sores.

2.4. Eating Habits

Frequent canker sores are also associated with consuming too much spicy, hot, or acidic food:

• Spicy and acidic foods can irritate the mouth lining and increase the severity or frequency of mouth ulcers.

• Acidic ingredients in foods like citrus fruits and tomatoes may thin the mucous membrane, making it more prone to injury.

• Alcoholic and caffeinated drinks can cause dry mouth and reduce saliva production, which normally helps protect the oral mucosa.

2.5. Medication Side Effects

Certain medications—especially antibiotics, NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), and chemotherapy drugs—can cause canker sores as a side effect. These drugs can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the mouth, leading to mucosal damage.

2.6. Allergies and Irritation

Frequent canker sores may also result from allergic reactions or irritation caused by food, toothpaste ingredients, or mouthwash. Dental care products that contain alcohol or harsh chemicals can damage the oral lining, leading to sores.

3. How Can Frequent Canker Sores Be Treated?

Based on the causes mentioned above, here are some effective ways to manage and prevent frequent canker sores:

• Ensure a sufficient intake of vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid.

• Maintain good oral hygiene to minimize the risk of infection and reduce ulcer occurrence.

• Manage stress with techniques like yoga, meditation, or relaxation practices.

• Avoid spicy, acidic foods and stimulants like caffeine and alcohol. Instead, consume foods that are good for oral health, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and yogurt.

• If canker sores are a side effect of medication, consult a doctor to adjust the dosage or switch to a different drug.

• Use gentle, alcohol-free oral care products that don’t contain harsh chemicals.
  
  

4. When Should You See a Specialist?

You should see a doctor if:

• A canker sore lasts longer than two weeks without healing

• You experience additional symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, high fever, or severe pain

• Multiple sores appear at the same time or canker sores keep recurring frequently

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We hope this information has helped you understand the causes of frequent canker sores. If you experience this condition, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice for an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.